首都公共卫生

目的 了解北京市某区重点行业劳动者职业紧张现状及影响因素，为企业员工的职业紧张预防、识别及干预提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法，将抽取选定的15家重点企业一线劳动者作为调查对象调查其职业紧张情况，二元logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 调查759名劳动者，回收有效问卷748份，问卷有效率为98.6%。劳动者的职业紧张发生阳性检出率为28.7%,《职业紧张测量核心量表》测量的4个维度评分[M(P_25,P₇₅)]中，社会支持为20.0(17.0,20.0)、组织与回报为15.0(12.0,18.0)、要求与付出为12.0(11.0,15.0)、自主性为5.0(4.0,6.0),二元logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄≥30岁、月均收入<3 000元(相比于月均收入为3 000～8 999元)、工龄≤3年(相比于工龄>3～10年)、上夜班以及周均工作时间≥55 h发生职业紧张的风险更高(P<0.05)。结论 北京市某区重点行业劳动者职业紧张检出率存在年龄、月均收入、工龄、工作班制以及周均工作时间方面的差异，提示需重视一线劳动者的身心健康问题，通过各种途径有效改善职业紧张状况。

Objective To understand the status quo of occupational stress and its influencing factors in key industries in a district of Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for prevention, identification and intervention of occupational stress among enterprise employees.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to investigate the occupational stress of front-line workers in 15 selected key enterprises. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the influencing factors.Results 759 workers were investigated, 748 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective rate was 98.6%. The total incidence of occupational stress was 28.7%, and the scores in four dimensions [reported as M(P₂₅, P₇₅)] were 20.0(17.0, 20.0) in social support, 15.0(12.0, 18.0) in organization and return, 12.0(11.0, 15.0) in demand and effort, autonomy 5.0(4.0, 6.0) by using the Core Occupational Stress Scale. The result of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of occupational stress were higher in groups aged≥30 years, monthly income<3 000 yuan compared with that was 3 000-8 999 yuan, working years≤3 years compared with that >3-10 years, working night shift and average weekly working hours greater than 55 hours(P<0.05).Conclusions There are differences in the detection rates of occupational stress among workers in key industries in a certain district of Beijing in terms of age, average monthly income, length of service, working shift system and average weekly working time, which suggests that attention should be paid to the physical and mental health problems of front-line workers and effective improvement of occupational stress through various ways.