首都公共卫生

目的 分析北京市海淀区2023年4个重点行业职业人群职业健康素养(OHL)水平及其影响因素。方法2023年8—10月采用分层整群随机抽样法，选择北京市海淀区4个重点行业劳动者，采用《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷》开展OHL水平调查。结果 回收有效问卷951份。研究对象2023年OHL总体水平为53.42%,职业健康法律知识为44.37%、职业健康保护基本知识为86.12%、职业健康保护基本技能为40.80%、健康工作方式和行为为44.69%。4个重点行业职业人群总体OHL水平由高到低依次为教育业(65.82%)、医疗卫生业(57.38%)、交通运输业(45.91%)、快递/外卖配送业(44.75%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=28.905,P<0.001)。logistic回归分析结果显示，行业类别、文化程度、户口性质和性别是研究对象OHL水平的独立影响因素(P均<0.05)。其中，学历越高，其具备OHL水平越高(P<0.05);教育业、医疗卫生业劳动者OHL水平高于快递/外卖业(OR_教育=2.379,95%CI:1.562～3.624;OR_医疗卫生=1.799,95%CI:1.023～2.690,P均<0.05)。非农业户口劳动者OHL水平高于农业户口劳动者(OR=1.643, 95%CI:1.126～2.398,P<0.05);男性OHL水平高于女性(OR=1.445, 95%CI:1.012～2.064,P<0.05)。结论 北京市海淀区4个重点行业劳动者总体职业健康素养水平有待进一步提高，需根据不同职业，开展有针对性健康教育和干预工作。

Objective To analyze the level of occupational health literacy(OHL) and its influencing factors among occupational population in four key industries in Haidian district of Beijing in 2023.Methods From August to October in 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select workers from four key industries in Haidian district of Beijing. The level of OHL was investigated using the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Survey Individual Questionnaire. Results A total of 951 valid questionnaires were collected.The overall OHL level in 2023 was 53.42%. The OHL levels of legal knowledge of occupational health was 44.37%, basic knowledge of occupational health protection was 86.12%, basic skill of occupational health protection was 40.80%, and healthy lifestyle and behavior was 44.69%. The overall OHL levels of the occupational population in the four key industries from high to low were education(65.82%), medical and health(57.38%), transportation(45.91%), express delivery/take-out(44.75%),the difference was statistically significant(χ²=28.905, P<0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that industry category and household registration type were independent influencing factors(all P<0.05). The education level was positive associated with OHL levels(P<0.05), higher OHL levels were found in education and medical and health industries compared to express/takeout industry(OR_education=2.379, 95%CI:1.562-3.624; OR_{health industries}=1.799, 95%CI:1.023-2.690; P<0.05). The OHL level of non-agricultural household workers was higher than that of agricultural household workers(OR=1.643, 95%CI:1.126-2.398, P<0.05). The OHL level of males was higher than that of females(OR=1.445, 95%CI:1.012-2.064, P<0.05).Conclusions The overall level of OHL among workers in the four key industries in Haidian district of Beijing needs to be further improved. Targeted health education and interventions should be carried out based on different occupations.